Tuberculosis As A Infectious Disease - 1329 Words

Tuberculosis Tuberculosis (TB) is a highly infectious disease that can harm any organ of the body, especially the lungs. Every year about over a million people die due to tuberculosis and even more are infected. A person in contact with an infected individual can easily put themselves at risks of getting TB. Due to the emergence of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), tuberculosis infections began to increase more rapidly. A person with HIV has a weak immune system which is not able to fight infections such as tuberculosis. There are many ways to diagnose, prevent and treat the farther spread of this disease. There are many ways to identify and diagnose the presence and severity of tuberculosis. One of the most common ways to test for TB†¦show more content†¦Sputum tests may be required for testing if the chest x-ray reveals signs of TB. Tuberculosis spreads by contagious airborne droplets that can be passed on easily through close contact with a person who has active or untreated TB. As a person coughs, sneezing, or does any sort of interaction it can release infectious droplets into the air. Once a person inhales the infectious droplet (bacillus), it settles in the upper airways. â€Å"Bacteria in droplets that bypass the mucociliary system and reach the alveoli are quickly surrounded and engulfed by alveolar macrophages, the most abundant immune effector cells present in alveolar spaces† (Knechel, 2009). These macrophages are a part of immune system that fights to destroy the mycobacteria to prevent infection. â€Å"The outcome is essentially determined by the quality of the host defenses and the balance that occurs between host defenses and the invading mycobacteria† (Knechel, 2009). If the alveolar macrophage fails to overcome the inhaled mycobacteria, the bacteria will replicate until the macropha ge lyses. As the monocytes are attracted to the infection site, it then separates into macrophages and consumes the free bacilli. The mycobacteria then multiply within the macrophages causing it to become infected. The infected macrophages may then be transported to the lymph nodes where it can easily reach the blood stream. After two to three weeks of infection, the helper T cells are activated to bring back the immunes

Personal Statement Cultural Diversity - 826 Words

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Speedo LZR Racer Free Essays

The Speedo LZR Racer is made from a unique lightweight, water repellent, and fast-drying fabric that has been developed to reduce drag and help hold the swimmer’s body in a more streamlined shape. Following three years of research that included input from NASA, tests on more than 100 different fabrics and suit designs and body scans of more than 400 elite swimmers, Speedo has launched its most hydro-dynamically advanced – and fastest – swimsuit to date. The specially engineered, highly flexible fabric called LZR PULSE is ultrasonically welded to appear seamless. We will write a custom essay sample on Speedo LZR Racer or any similar topic only for you Order Now It takes about 20 minutes to put the LZR Racer swimsuit on. The material is made to be skin tight on your body making it feel like nothing is pulling you back when swimming. When putting on the suit you have to make sure not to use your fingertips or fingernails also to grip the panels not the fabric. Start of by getting the suit out of the box and starting at the feet. At the bottom of the edges where the feet go flip the inside liner out that is what makes sure that the suit doesn’t ride up when kicking at a fast paced speed. Put a plastic bag over your foot and gradually pull the suit over your foot do the same to the other foot. Inch by inch grip the panels and gradually pull up your body. Once you have it over your knees it will be a lot harder to get over the back side do not grab the sides make sure you scrunch it up on both sides and gently but sternly grip the sides make sure your thumb is not pointed in and slowly move up. As you get over the backside, smooth the bottom making sure the panels are facing forward, and where the V starts it should be right at your hipbone. Next, carefully place your arms through the arm folds. Adjust everything from hip up making sure the front part where the stomach is that they are lined up forward. You will now need to people to help you zipper it up. Grasp the sides of the suit and pull them towards each other from bottom up next have one person grasp both sides of the suit and hold them together closer to each other as the other person pulls the zipper up. Make sure you zip up the back in sections and not all at once and when to let go each time of the zipper to put it facing down so it does not move when re grasping the suits sides. When all the way up make the swimmer end over and run your finger across the zipper teeth making sure there were not any bumps or where the teeth did not grasp together. Check the arm folds and pull them up towards the pit. Make sure everything feels good other than the tightness. Fix the liner part by your feet by making sure the liner is touching you actual skin. The LZR Racer is made to be a tight-skinned lightweight material that make s you repellent in the water the material feels like paper when you touch it but when on its light and breath taking. So when putting it on go from bottom up slowly and gently making it up to top. How to cite Speedo LZR Racer, Papers

Rhetorical Notes on A Modest Proposal free essay sample

A Modest Proposal by Jonathan Swift Johnathan Swift writes this satirical proposal to prevent the children of poor people in Ireland from being a burden to their parents or the country and to make them beneficial to the public. Johnathan begins this proposal with a paragraph using violent and negative diction, using words such as beg, forced, fight, thieves, helpless. Because of the alarming and intriguing nature of these words, this negative/violent diction appeals to the readers emotions and makes us interested in reading the rest of the proposal. I think it is agreed by all the parties a hasty generalization.  fair, cheap, and easy three words that are very appealing to humans from any country, but it is satirical because it is not a fair, cheap, and easy thing to do, eating babies. professed beggar is something that is used many times in this passage. it is a sort of oxymoron because beggars only beg because they do not have a profession. We will write a custom essay sample on Rhetorical Notes on A Modest Proposal or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page this reminds the reader that beggars do make money as well. demand our charity charity isnt something that is normally demanded. Swift uses these two words together to make it seem like the government of ireland sees the begging as demanding.having turned my thoughts for many years upon this important subject this is very ironic, because he had been thinking about a solution to this problem for many years, and finally decides on eating babies, out of every other possible solution. this is where the humor begins in this proposal, given through the irony. johnathan swift compares a mother, who has just given birth to a child, to a dam, saying that the child may be supported by her milk for a solar year. this is intended to show how the government sees the people of Ireland equal to animals.again, johnathan swift portrays begging as a profession, saying lawful occupation of begging, a very humorous and satirical phrase. begging is not an actual occupation. people beg because they dont have occupations. feeding and partly to the clothing. Johnathan Swift begins introducing the idea and main point of his proposal: eating babies and using their skin for clothing. in the second paragraph on the second page he uses violent diction once again with words like abortions, horrid, murdering, bastard, tears, pity, savage, inhuman to appeal to the readers emotion.

Affirmative Aaction essays

Affirmative Aaction essays Affirmative Action was established to help overcome the affects of past societal discrimination by granting jobs and resources to members of specific groups, such as minorities and women. The policy was implemented by federal agencies enforcing the Civil Rights Act of 1964. While many people believe it is a step in the right direction in stopping employment discrimination, it is taking jobs from qualified persons because they are not of a certain race or gender, in turn doing the same thing that was done to minorities and women for years. Affirmative action must be stopped in order to protect the rights of all citizens. It requires discrimination against a different group, strips merit and gives preferential treatment to those who benefit from it. Affirmative action is reverse discrimination. Affirmative action requires discrimination against a different group. It simply reverses the discrimination against minorities by enforcing discrimination on whites. This policy enables two people who apply for a job in an office building for the same position to be judged differently. One applicant is white and the other is black. The two applicants have the same exact education and work experience but, according to affirmative action, the black person is better qualified because the company needs to diversify their workplace. So, the only reason why the white person did not receive the job was because of his skin color. Eastland says that distinctions drawn on the basis of race inevitably lead to racial discrimination. As is well noted in this example, Affirmative action demands racial discrimination: discrimination against whites. Whites are being discriminated against in the same ways that blacks were discriminated against years ago. The consequences of Affirmative action can hinder the growth of those who the policy was intended to help as well. The very existence of the program strips blacks and other minorities of merit. B...

Elvis essays

Elvis essays Elvis Presley ha recorded 131 gold, platinum, or multi-platinum records. At least 149 of his songs Have appeared on Americas Billboard charts in the top 100. He has been nominated for 14 Grammys and has won 3 of them. Elvis has also made 33 films. Elvis, shooting like a rocket when he introduced Rock N Roll to America with his share of bad times and good made a huge impression on America. (Overview of Achievements) Elvis was born a twin with his stillborn brother Jesse Garon Presley who was born thirty-five minutes before Elvis on January 8, 1935. Elvis Aron Presley was born to Gladys and Vernon Presley. (Matthews, Rupert) Elvis was born in the small town of Tupelo Mississippi. After he was born him and his parents then moved to Memphis, Tennessee in search of better jobs. This is where Elvis first became influenced by music. He was exposed to all types of music such as gospel at church, Rthe legendary Sun Records label in Memphis. The contract was later sold to RCA Victor in late 1955. By 1956, he was an international sensation. Elvis unique, diverse style of music challenged all aspects of that time. (Biography: Elvisology) Elvis came out happy and motivated despite all of his personal problems. Elvis grew up in am extremely poor home. Elvis father, Vernon Presley was a laborer with no education. He had no ambition to be anything in life because he had always been poor. Vernon would occasionally get a job driving a truck, but any money earned, he spent on drinking and gambling. Elvis mom, Gladys Smith Presley wanted to do something with her life but could not because Vernon would not help her get started. She eventually turned to alcohol for the answer. Elvis d...

Should government be involved in sports Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Should government be involved in sports - Essay Example There are key variables in sports, each of which plays a fundamental role given the desired outcome of the industry. There are arguments for or against government’s involvement in sports. However, the determining factor of government’s involvement in sports lies within the relationship between the stakeholders involved. Since time immemorial, governments have always had an upper hand in promoting sports. My position is that government should actively be involved in sports. Government involvement is a usual activity across different components of the nation. There are different roles played by the government in the light of promoting social welfare, thus, the need for interventions from time to time. The government operates under set goals and objectives with the primary principle being to maximize benefits to the population that puts it in place (Houlihan, 2007). For this reason, the government cannot concentrate on some components of its governance and ignore others. Sports are equally important to every direct or indirect participating person. The importance of sports is felt across all levels of different states. These are social, economic and political levels. The need for rules, regulations and laws in sports necessitates government’s involvement. Sporting activities are set in the context of rules and regulations. Numerous sports agencies are set up every now and then. There is a need to regulate and control such bodies in order to maintain an orderly society. The formulation and implementation of bills purely rely on the government. Such law making processes are not limited in scope, and therefore rules and regulations that pertain to sports lie in that docket. On the same note, the occurrence of disputes in the sports industry cannot be refuted. Responsible departments set to deal with these disputes may not always resolve them. The government therefore comes in through its instrumentalities and provides a resolution. Stewardship is

Newmont Mining Corporation Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Newmont Mining Corporation - Essay Example Newmont also has many joint venture relationships with different countries around the globe. Newmont Mining Corporation was founded 1916 in New York by Colonel William Boyce Thompson as a holding company which its main aim was to invest in worldwide mineral, oil, and related companies. The name â€Å"Newmont† is a portmanteau â€Å"new York† and â€Å"Montana† that is according to company lore and it reflects where the founder , Thompson, made his fortune and where he grew up. Interests overseas were then acquired over certified reasons and in about the middle of 20th century, it had a controlling interest in the Tsumeb mine in Namibia and in the O'Okiep Copper Company in Namaqualand, South Africa. Today, Newmont Corporation remains as the only standing gold company in the standard and poor’s 500 index (Newmont Company History, 2013). Since it is a mining company, it has established a set of tenets that cover human health, education and rights, community i nvolvement, transparency and accountability and local employment (Kotler & Lee, 2004). The firm’s initiative deals with education and health and most works in the company are done by the local people. This is because the company believes it has a duty to give back to the community. Newmont Company has received funding from the international finance corporation. However, it had to agree that it will fully comply with the international rules on safety and health, natural ecosystems, worker safety, handling of dangerous materials, proclamation programs and water resources. Through the company’s relocation initiative, it offered an important assistance to the local population in the sense that it helped them relocate to safer places, gave them priority in hiring of workers and engagement in numerous assistance initiatives administered the firm’s rural development initiative. It is also significant to note that the firm has engaged in reclamation programs in its mine in Peru but it encountered difficulty when the fragile alpine ecosystem made reclamation hard and expensive. Key stakeholders Newmont Mining Corporation has a wide listed number of stakeholders as stated below. Bruce R. Brook who currently serves as a Director for Boart Longyear Pty. Ltd., Programmed Group (as Chairman) and CSL Limited and also a member of the Financial Reporting Council in Australia and the Audit Committee of the Salvation Army (Southern Command, Australia). Vincent A. Calarco is Director of the Consolidated Edison and CPG International Inc. Mr. Calarco is Newmont's independent Chairman of the Board.he works with other stakeholders in Newmont. Joseph A. Carrabba is the Chairman, President and Chief Executive Officer of Cliffs Natural Resources (formerly known as Cleveland-Cliffs Inc). Gary J. Goldberg who was appointed President and Chief Executive Officer and joined the Board of Directors of Newmont Mining Corporation on March 1, 2013. Veronica Hagen is Chief Exe cutive Officer and a member of the board of directors of Polymer Group, Inc. since April 2007. She currently serves on the Board of Directors for Southern Company. Simon R. Thompson is currently a non-executive director of Sandvik AB (Sweden) and Amec plc (UK). He was a non-executive director of AngloGold Ashanti Ltd (South Africa) from 2004 to 2008 and of United Company Rusal (Russia) from 2007 to 2009 (Newont Company History, 2013). Ethical issues in the case Ethics is an important aspect in a business organization. For a certain company to grow and achieve its visions, missions, targets or goals and objectives, it must set its ethics programs apart from the principles and rules governing it. Most common

Questions in Communication & Social research Essay - 1

Questions in Communication & Social research - Essay Example t all the different reasons that explain a particular course of action, whereas nomothetic explanation looks at all the different factors behind a particular course of action. Stating that their paycheck was not direct deposited on time, but a day late, that HR failed to include holiday pay on the check when it was deposited, and that they will not be able to correct it for another two days are examples of idiographic explanations to a company as to why a bill may be late. Looking at the proximity of a job to a place of residence, how much they pay versus how much may be saved in travel time, and the amount of work that will need to be done when compared to a person’s current job all fall under the blanket of nomothetic reasoning. A paradigm is â€Å"the fundamental model or frame of reference we use to organize our observations and reasoning† (Babbie, p. 33). There are many different types of paradigms present in our world today; including the postmodern paradigm which suggests only experience is real, scientific paradigms such as Newtonian mechanics and Einstein’s theory of relativity, macrotheory which focuses on the big pictures in society, and microtheory which focus on interactions at the individual level and while these are not the only paradigms covered in the text itself, these are some of the main paradigms discussed. Paradigms are important because they not only offer a variety of different viewpoints, but they also offer certain insights into the field of study being referenced. Paradigms are â€Å"neither true nor false; as ways of looking, they are only more or less useful† (Babbie, p. 34). Every paradigm makes assumptions about the nature of reality, and offers a different way of looking at the world and the societies in it; each of these different paradigms offers a new branch of research, and new methods and concepts to be investigated. They offer a different way of seeing the world, which in turn can shed light on the resolution of different

UK Cheese Market Analysis

UK Cheese Market Analysis Assignment about The Cheese and its Determining Factors on the Market Executive Summary Economy in the real world is not just a subject in the university, but the major basic of a modern day business. â€Å"The large set of inter-related economic production and consumption activities which aid in determining how scarce resources are allocated.† (Investopedia.com, 2014) The report describes the cheese market in the United Kingdom. Highlight the relationship between wine and its compliment, the cheese and how the actual market responsive to economical changes, such as demand, supply, elasticity and equilibrium. Table of Contents Introduction.4 Main Body5 1.The aspects which influencing the amount of cheese..5 2. About Elasticity and Inelastic6 3. About Equilibrium.7 4. Example for the cheese` prise changing..8 5. Recently used marketing strategy..9 Conclusion..10 Bibliography.11 Introduction This report created by the Author –Mr. Istvan Csuha– on the request of Northampton University on the behalf of its subsidiary the London School of Business and Management and their lecturers in respect Prof. Bruce Johnson to clarify the position of the cheese market in the United Kingdom, the key economic factors which influences marketers and consumers in the decision making process. Main Body The aspects which influencing the amount of cheese The aspects influencing the amount of cheese that shoppers request can be categorised four main parts (Begg, D. & Ward, D., 2007, P.26-32), such as: Costs of surrogates: relates to researches (Fitday.com. 2013). there are some options to alternate cheese, but the prices of those merchandises is higher and do not give back the same taste, as cheese, therefore only a small amount of clients will leave â€Å"the cheesy side†. Salary of the clients: an investment banker demand is completely different, then a street cleaner and one of the key motivator is what they can afford; ASDA have been closely monitored and the finding is, individuals can purchase cheese products from  £2 up to  £20, therefore cheese products widely accessible to everyone (ASDA.com. 2014). Various flavours: Every single human being different from the other, so as their tastes and conclusion of that, they required different products. Value: is the product worth the sum of money what the retailer asking for it; if the answer is yes, then highly possible the quantity demanded by a consumer is higher. About Elasticity and Inelastic The characteristics of the magnitude of cheese that manufacturers and retailers supply is strongly related to the previous part of the report, but a new economic term has to be considered, Elasticity: â€Å"Price elasticity of supply measures the relationship between change in quantity supplied and a change in price.† (Tutor2u.net. 2014). There are Inelastic is the modification in the price indicates a proportionately minor modification in the quantity required. (Begg, D. & Ward, D. 2007, P.35) Elastic is the modification in the price indicates considerable larger modification in demand. (ibid, P. 32-35) There is another very important factor what every supplier have to consider regarding the amounts need to supply and is called a well-known PESTEL analysis -macro-environmental aspects, what a supplier cannot change, only can adapt to them. Assuming there are alterations in the purchasers â€Å"tongs†: Consumer demand decreasing= retailer profit decreasing also. Overcome on that retailers has to start manufacturing products, therefore they have to enter a new segment of the market. Avoid failure Porters five forces advisable to considered, -designed to evaluate the possibilities of the company upon entering to a new market and/or segment. Assuming there are modifications in the manufacturers technology, -that is a technological factor from the mentioned PESTEL analysis-: In that occasion the retailer or the consumer only can adapt to that factor, in that case keep purchasing products, but less quantity (if the technology is not as cost-effective anymore, therefore the price of the product rising too), or find a substitute (either retailer or substitute product). Therefore price elasticity applied. About Equilibrium Equilibrium of â€Å"cheese market wise†, when the manufacturer selling the product for the price, what a retailer is demanded, or the distributor selling the merchandise for the price, what a consumer demanded. (ibid, P.76) According to worldwide known economists and authors of many books the forces that drive the market in the direction of its equilibrium are: The connection between the alteration of need and supply and prices: if the need of cheese products rising, supply has to follow, then retailers raise their prices too, therefore the equilibrium will balanced again. Need for cheeses falling, then traders have to reduce their activity, therefore prices will fall too. That is the optimal market scenario. (ibid, P.88) Example for the cheese` prise changing Assumption: a hypothetical situation, when the price of wine increases. First we have to clarify the right questions. The author of these report was that fortunate, came from the family which have long-lasting history –and himself spent over ten years as well- in the Hospitality and Catering Industry; worked from kitchen porter through sommelier assistant to night manager in various countries and several high-end catering event as well (for example: wine-waiter at the House of Parliament in Hungary), therefore to clarify and answer this questions was his table. Why wine and cheese related to each other? How the supply of wine and cheese will change? How the needs of wine and cheese will change? Will the prices of cheese change? Are the amount of cheese and wine supplied and demanded will change? The answers are the following: Many countries –especially the ones with long-lasting histories and more mature cuisine i.e.: France and the United Kingdom- use cheese, as a substitute of desserts, also another reason possibly, because the weather colder than for example Italy and Spain. Those countries, consuming mostly wine for/and throughout the meal, if their choice for the dessert is any sweet, -such as ice cream or crà ¨me bulee-, they choose a light and sweet liquor, or a dessert-wine; but when they choose cheese, then the wine has to be semi-dry, or dry light white-wine. When the price of wine increasing, in the short term the supply will be the same, until marketer realise the equilibrium turned into a disequilibrium –at this occasion the proper term is surplus, when the supply of goods greater than its demands-, and they want to balance again; therefore marketers reducing supplies. The needs of cheese and wine at the event of the price of the wine increase can be: The increase of the price will be minor, therefore only small amount of purchaser decide to discontinue consuming those products, therefore inelasticity occur. When the needs of cheese and wine reactive to the price change, then â€Å"massive† amount of purchasers decide to discontinue purchasing products= elasticity occurs. The price of the cheese can be reactive to the wine price (elastic), or non-reactive (inelastic). When: The quantity of demand reactive to the price change: yes= elasticity; The amount of need non-reactive: no= inelasticity; Marketers want to balance the equilibrium, yes, when the demand decreases, the quantity of supply has to follow, therefore the price will change to; when equilibrium reached, demand is increasing, supply increasing, prices increasing. 5. Recently used marketing strategy Companies nowadays like to use a new marketing strategy. Organisations evaluate the demand and the quantity of demand, they producing less quantity of product, therefore artificially create shortage and they can raise the prices too, i.e.: entry-tickets for pop-concerts. (ibid, P.85-86) Conclusion The report found the cheese market very responsive for price changes, which is depending on various factors. Found also the definition of economy; clearly concluded the meaning / variations of elasticity, moreover described the definition of equilibrium. Bibliography ASDA.com. (2014). Asda Groceries. Available: http://groceries.asda.com/asda-webstore/landing/home.shtml?cmpid=ahc-_-ghs-sna1-_-asdacom-dsk-_-hp#search/cheese/7/price_asc. Last accessed 11.12.2014. Begg, D. & Ward, D. (2007). Economics for Business. 2nd ed. New York: McGraw-Hill. p26-p32. Begg, D. & Ward, D. (2007). Economics for Business. 2nd ed. New York: McGraw-Hill. p32-p35. Begg, D. & Ward, D. (2007). Economics for Business. 2nd ed. New York: McGraw-Hill. p76. Begg, D. & Ward, D. (2007). Economics for Business. 2nd ed. New York: McGraw-Hill.p85-86. Begg, D. & Ward, D. (2007). Economics for Business. 2nd ed. New York: McGraw-Hill. p88. Fitday.com. (2013). Substitutions for Cheese. Available: http://www.fitday.com/fitness-articles/nutrition/healthy-eating/substitutions-for-cheese.html. Last accessed 11.12.2014. Investopedia.com. (2014). Definition of Economy. Available: http://www.investopedia.com/terms/e/economy.asp. Last accessed 11.12.2014. Tutor2u.net. (2014). Elasticity of Supply. Available: http://www.tutor2u.net/economics/content/topics/elasticity/elasticity_of_supply.htm. Last accessed 11.12.2014. LON 15403546Mr. Istvà ¡n Csuha

Victorian Gothic Literature: Scientific vs. Medieval Thinking Essay

Victorian Gothic Literature: Scientific vs. Medieval Thinking      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Creatures of the night have always held a fascination and horror for people in all cultures. The English fascination with sensational and gothic literature came to a peak, after slacking slightly following the Romantic period, in the late Victorian period with such works as Dracula, The Strange Adventures of Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde, and The Picture of Dorian Gray. The literate populace avidly devoured this type of literature. While most publishers merely churned out serial horror stories en masse, such as Varney the Vampyre, many serious writers used this genre as a means to force their audience to think about their beliefs. Serious Victorian Gothic literature plays on the fears and emotions of the era, an era that was especially fearful since their beliefs had been ripped out from under them, largely by contrasting modern science with medieval superstition and belief.    The Victorian era was similar to our own in that it was a time when people weren't really sure what was true or what they believed. As this prayer, believed to have come from the Victorians shows, " 'O God - if there is a God - save my soul - if I have a soul' " (Houghton 22). New theories about the age of the earth had demonstrated that something was out of kilter with the bible, since the earth seemed to be older than the biblical account would show. Darwin had gone one step further and shown that man hadn't been created but evolved through natural selection. A generation was growing up in a culture that had had the rug of its beliefs pulled out from under its feet. The main difference between the Victorian sense of doubt and our post-modern doubt is, "faith in the existence of u... ...completely destroyed by his dabbling in alchemic science.    Much of Victorian Gothic literature plays to the Victorian doubt in what they believe, especially as concerns science and what is largely assumed to be medieval superstition. By playing on these fears, authors are able to create stories that are horrifying on several levels. First of all, the action that goes on in the book is enough to make the readers skin crawl. However, the authors go farther and use their audiences natural fears and doubts to create a story that is sensational on all levels.    Works Cited Davenport-Hines, Richard. Gothic: Four Hundred years of Excess, Horror, Evil and Ruin. North Point Press: New York, 1998. Houghton, Walter E. The Victorian Frame of Mind. Yale University Press: New Haven, Conn, 1957. Stoker, Bram. Dracula. Penguin Group: New York, 1992.

Medicine and Skilled Care Pharmacy Essay

I. Statement of the problem How can Skilled Care Pharmacy improve their strategy from the rapidly evolving financial structure of health care, constant evolution of medical practice, employee retention and shortage of licensed pharmacy personnel? II. Objectives * To retain employees. * To identify ways to keep up with the constant evolution of medical practice. * To address the shortage of pharmacist personnel in the company. III. SWOT analysis IV. Alternative Courses of Action 1. Skilled Care Pharmacy could provide incentives and enhance benefits for employees to be able to achieve employee retention. 2. Skilled Care Pharmacy could widen their search for pharmacist personnel from different countries. 3. Skilled Care Pharmacy could provide seminars and trainings to keep up with new medical techniques and practices. Advantages for each of the Alternative Courses of Action 1. Skilled Care Pharmacy would be able to retain much of their employees and prevent employee turnover. 2. Skilled Care Pharmacy would be able to address the shortage of pharmaceutical personnel within the organization. 3. Skilled Care Pharmacy would be guaranteed of their employee’s  capabilities and skills with regards to the ever changing medical practice. Disadvantages for each of the Alternative Courses of Action 1. Additional costs would be incurred for enhanced benefits or additional incentives given to regular employees. 2. Other pharmacists hired from overseas may not be as competitive with the usual pharmacists. 3. Additional cost would be acquired because of additional trainings and seminars for the company. V. Recommendation Follow all alternative courses of action to be able to keep up with certain changes in the company.

Free Essays on Japanese Traditional Outfit - KIMONO

Does anybody know what a kimono is or has anybody heard the word kimono? A kimono is the Japanese traditional outfit, and it’s made out of silk. It is only worn on special occasions. Actually, the opportunities to wear a kimono are seldom. We have another kind of outfit that is called, a yukata. A yukata is made from cotton. In contrast to the ceremonial kimono, the yukata is ordinary, unassuming clothing and is worn in the summertime. Through research and my personal experience today, I will inform you about two Japanese traditional outfits, the kimono and the yukata. The kimono is made from silk and there are many different types of kimonos for men, women and children. It is not only worn by women, but also men. The cut, color, fabric, and decorations of a kimono may vary according to sex and age. However, the woman’s kimono is mainly introduced in this discussion. Women’s kimonos are the most elaborate and varied in style and design. In order to wear a kimono, one must have an obi, which wraps around a kimono, Japanese socks and Japanese sandals. These items are very important. An example of an occasion for wearing a kimono is the coming-of age day. This is a national holiday to celebrate a Japanese girls and boys life as they turn 20 years old and enter adulthood. At this time, most girls are dressed in kimonos. I brought a picture of me for my Coming-of-age day. When I went back to Japan for summer vacation, I rented a kimono and took a picture. The cost to rent the outfit and take pictures was about four hundred dollars. Actually, the price to buy a kimono varies from five thousand dollars, which is the cheapest to fifteen thousand dollars, which is the most expensive. Consequently, most Japanese people tend to rent kimonos rather than buying one. I’m not used to wearing a kimono so, it was tiresome to keep wearing it, even for 30 minutes. According to my experience, I can tell you that a ki... Free Essays on Japanese Traditional Outfit - KIMONO Free Essays on Japanese Traditional Outfit - KIMONO Does anybody know what a kimono is or has anybody heard the word kimono? A kimono is the Japanese traditional outfit, and it’s made out of silk. It is only worn on special occasions. Actually, the opportunities to wear a kimono are seldom. We have another kind of outfit that is called, a yukata. A yukata is made from cotton. In contrast to the ceremonial kimono, the yukata is ordinary, unassuming clothing and is worn in the summertime. Through research and my personal experience today, I will inform you about two Japanese traditional outfits, the kimono and the yukata. The kimono is made from silk and there are many different types of kimonos for men, women and children. It is not only worn by women, but also men. The cut, color, fabric, and decorations of a kimono may vary according to sex and age. However, the woman’s kimono is mainly introduced in this discussion. Women’s kimonos are the most elaborate and varied in style and design. In order to wear a kimono, one must have an obi, which wraps around a kimono, Japanese socks and Japanese sandals. These items are very important. An example of an occasion for wearing a kimono is the coming-of age day. This is a national holiday to celebrate a Japanese girls and boys life as they turn 20 years old and enter adulthood. At this time, most girls are dressed in kimonos. I brought a picture of me for my Coming-of-age day. When I went back to Japan for summer vacation, I rented a kimono and took a picture. The cost to rent the outfit and take pictures was about four hundred dollars. Actually, the price to buy a kimono varies from five thousand dollars, which is the cheapest to fifteen thousand dollars, which is the most expensive. Consequently, most Japanese people tend to rent kimonos rather than buying one. I’m not used to wearing a kimono so, it was tiresome to keep wearing it, even for 30 minutes. According to my experience, I can tell you that a ki...

The Umayyad Dome Of The Rock Analysis Religion Essay Example

The Umayyad Dome Of The Rock Analysis Religion Essay Example The Umayyad Dome Of The Rock Analysis Religion Essay The Umayyad Dome Of The Rock Analysis Religion Essay The Umayyad Dome of the Rock is one of the cardinal plant of Islamic architecture. At this point, it is deserving adverting the fact that the Umayyad Dome of the Rock is celebrated work of art and architecture, which had a figure of inexplicit significances among which it is possible to individual out political deductions and correlativities to Biblical Bibles. In add-on, the Umayyad Dome of the Rock reveals the impact of external factors, including the impact of Christianity and Judaism on the architecture of the dome. In this respect, it is deserving adverting the fact that, historically, Islam and Judaism were closely intertwined, although Islam had appeared centuries ago since the visual aspect of Judaism and Christianity. In this respect, it is deserving adverting the fact that many specializers ( Cowling, 2005 ) position Judaism as one of the major monotheistic faith, which became the precursor of such universe faiths as Christianity and Islam. In fact, the outgrowth of Islam w as the development of the new faith, which though had a batch of similarities to Judaism and Christianity. In such a context, the similarity between Islam, Christianity and Judaism can be viewed as the consequence of the historical interaction between these faiths. In this respect, it is deserving adverting the fact that the development of Islam was closely intertwined with Judaism and Christianity because representatives of these faiths have interacted since ancient clip. Even though Islam emerged in the 7th century AD, the population converted to Islam had an extended experience of interaction with Judaist, whereas Jews ever lived in Muslim states. In such a manner, the interaction between Islam, Christianity and Judaism was determined by the historical development of both faiths and it was grounded on the vicinity of both civilizations. In such a context, the inexplicit significance of the Umayyad Dome of the Rock reveals non merely concealed Islamic context and significance but besides it reveals the influence of Christianity and Judaism on Islam. At first glimpse the Umayyad Dome of the Rock is the manifestation of the traditional Islamic architecture. In this respect, it is deserving adverting the fact that the Umayyad Dome of the Rock was built in Jerusalem, the metropolis, which was sacred for Muslims every bit good as representatives of other mainstream faiths in the part, such as Judaism and Christianity. At this point, it is of import to put accent on the fact that the sanctity of Jerusalem was, after all, inherited by Islam from Judaism and Christianity ( Rabbat, 14 ) . Therefore, the building of the Umayyad Dome of the Rock in Jerusalem was an of import determination and, in all chance, it was determined by the importance of edifice in the political and spiritual context. In fact, the building of the Umayyad Dome of the Rock was the effort to demo the power of Islam and its domination in the Holy City Jerusalem. On the other manus, specializers point out that the Dome of the Rock has no instantly discernable intent or map other than the commemorating 1, and even that is riddled with uncertainnesss ( Rabbat, 12 ) . However, such uncertainness refering the intent of the building of the Umayyad Dome of the Rock is caused by the assortment of deductions refering the significance of the edifice and its intents. In other words, the diverseness of positions on the Umayyad Dome of the Rock leads to the outgrowth of legion readings of the significance of the edifice. At this point, it is deserving adverting the fact that the Umayyad Dome of the Rock represents the manifestation of the Islamic architecture. On the other manus, specializers point out that it is necessary to see the Dome as a memorial which used Biblical intensions and Christian-Byzantine signifiers to enforce Islam s presence in the Holy City. The combination would connote that the new religion considered itself the continuance and the seal of the two predating 1s: Hebraism and Christianity ( Rabbat, 12-13 ) . Such a decision derives from the monumental architecture and the location of the edifice. At this point, it is deserving adverting the fact that the Umayyad Dome of the Rock has incorporated elements of Biblical texts and Bibles. Hence, the Umayyad Dome of the Rock reveals the close links of Islam with other faiths, such as Christianity and Judaism. The similar tendencies between faiths can be traced by similarities of their spiritual constructs and thoughts. For case, Christianity, Islam and Judaism are monotheistic. In this respect, Judaism was one of the first monotheistic faiths, whereas Islam is one of the latest universe faiths, which had gained the public blessing and support of many trusters. Christianity, Judaism and Islam acknowledge one God merely, although each faith has its ain God. In add-on, similarities can be traced in sacred texts and books of Judaism and Islam. At this point, it is deserving adverting the fact that Islam and Judaism have similarities in sacred texts because their sacred texts are interrelated. To set it more exactly, they frequently refer to similar or indistinguishable events in the history and spiritual life of Jews and Muslims. As a consequence, they focus on similar events but the reading of these events every bit good as their inside informations may differ depending on the faith. Hence, the elements of Biblical texts and Christian and Judaist constructs can be traced in the Umayyad Dome of the Rock. At the same clip, it is possible to presuppose that the Biblical elements in the Umayyad Dome of the Rock can be determined by the effort of designers to demo the power of Islam and its high quality in respect to other faiths. In such a manner, the Umayyad Dome of the Rock could typify the high quality of Islam because it showed that all Biblical texts and sacred texts of Christianity and Judaism were incorporated in the Umayyad Dome of the Rock that implies their subordination to Islam. In add-on, specializers ( Rabbat, 15 ) point out the political deductions of the Umayyad Dome of the Rock. What is meant here is the fact that the Umayyad Dome of the Rock could be constructed to the show the power of the opinion dynasty. To set it more exactly, the opinion dynasty efforts to demo its regard to God and faith. In such a context, the building of the Umayyad Dome of the Rock was the manifestation of the effort of the governing dynasty to go forth its hint in history of Islam and to demo its power. At the same clip, the building of the Umayyad Dome of the Rock implied that the opinion dynasty is ageless because its regulation will last every bit long as the Umayyad Dome of the Rock bases. In such a context, the Umayyad Dome of the Rock has a symbolic political significance. In add-on, the edifice was constructed in Jerusalem, which was non merely the spiritual centre but besides the topic of heat political battle. For case, Crusades ever aimed at the invasion of Jerusale m, whereas Muslims ever attempted to continue the metropolis as the Holy City of Islam. Therefore, taking into history all above mentioned, it is of import to put accent on the fact that the Umayyad Dome of the Rock had multiple significances and deductions. In this respect, it is possible to individual out the spiritual, political and cultural deductions of the building of the Umayyad Dome of the Rock. The chief point of the building of the Umayyad Dome of the Rock was to demo the high quality of Islam and Islamic civilization over others and to demo the power of the governing dynasty under which the Umayyad Dome of the Rock was constructed. In such a manner, the Umayyad Dome of the Rock became a symbol of Islam in Jerusalem.

Personal and professional development report Essay

Personal and professional development report - Essay Example In the many groups that I have been a member of, I have not had any conflicts with any member of the group. For that reason, I consider myself a diplomat, a good team worker and more importantly an eloquent orator with unquestionable communication skills. Nevertheless, for so many years I have never imagined that conflict can negatively impact the effectiveness of communication that in turn impinge on the quality of work done. This was not until I experienced in a group where I was a member. The discussion in this paper reflects the situation that took place last semester to help develop and utilize my personal skills while avoiding conflicts so as to maintain a good rapport with other team members in the future. Our lecturer instructed us to form groups so that we could present a report on ‘Diversity and Conflict Management.’ Most of the groups had an average of 4 to 5 members. In our group, we were four boys and one lady. The lady was tasked with the responsibility of leading the group. As the leader, she split the topic in various sub-topics and assigned each member a certain sub-topic. Shortly thereafter, we were joined by a new member. Sadly, there were rifts between the lady and the new member that arose from misunderstandings on how the tasks were been delegated. I tried to resolve the problem between them, but my efforts were fruitless as I had never experienced it there before. Notably, the rest of my colleagues did not make take any meaningful action in a bid to help resolve the issue. Consequently, the girl opted to withdraw from our group, an effect that made us not attain a high grade on that assignment. First, the feedback of the presentation was fundamentally important as it helped me realize the importance of good communication among team members. Unarguably, the team could have achieved higher grades if only there were no conflicts. I was pleased to work with other team

Contemporary Rhetorical Analysis Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Contemporary Rhetorical Analysis - Term Paper Example Moreover, aside from being the greatest leader he could be, he had also proven himself of how the greatest speaker he could be. On the eve of Quit India Movement on August 8, 1942, Gandhi had communicated his Quit India speech which was a call for a determined but a passive resistance. Given this brief background, this essay would obtain observation and insights on Mahatma Gandhi’s â€Å"Quit India† through the use of rhetorical analysis while focusing on the metaphors of the said rhetoric. Upon my analysis of â€Å"Quit India,† I could say that his speech was definitely one excellent illustration of what was called a good rhetoric. Mahatma Gandhi’s Quit India was a really persuasive speech for it was indeed a success for him to appeal his audience’s rational, emotional and principled sense. His speech which was motivational and inspirational, was effective in moving his audience into a non – violent and passive movement against the British power. His ideas, attitudes, stand, and even his own self had been victorious in influencing his fellow Indian citizens through â€Å"Quit India.† Furthermore, Gandhi’s manner of style was not directed to any particular class or group of Indian people. He used the word â€Å"we† in some portions of his speech instead of just referring to himself to address an audience who were diverse in terms of their culture and religion. His speech had not appealed any divided sector of Indians but he called for unity when he said Hindus and Muslims must forget about their differences in identity but what should remain in them was their Indian identity. By the word â€Å"we,† whether they were not totally the same, they were one because they were all Indians. For me, in my attempt to discover his worldview, I could say that democracy would only begin once Indians had forgotten the differences in their being Hindus or Indians. It was only through forgetting their differences that would start their unity and equality.

Chinas Economy Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Chinas Economy - Assignment Example The military power, technological advancement and the currency of China have drastically improved over the past years, which is a sign of economic dominance. These aspects of the economy combined with the fast growth are likely to surpass those of the United States. According to IMF, THE CHINESE ECONOMY GREW BY AN AVERAGE OF 9.6 PERCENT PER YEAR BETWEEN 1990 AND 2010 (Babones, 2011). This projection indicates that China has one of the fastest growing economies in the world. The country survived the global financial crisis of 2008 and managed to expand its economy, which indicates real economic supremacy. CHINAS ECONOMY HAS BEEN TRANSFORMED BY SUCCESSIVE WAVES OF ECONOMIC REFORM (Naughton, 2007). Market transition has led to a market economy dominated by exports and multi-national firms. The country has managed to dismantle the command economy and decentralize the effects of communism in order to create a market economy and empower the rural people. This has created a fair playing gro und for market participants, which has extended to the international market. This has led to the sudden rise of China as a global trading center and several investors have invested in Chinese firms. ECONOMIC REFORMS HAVE FAVORED FOREIGN INVESTMENT, WHICH HAS ALLOWED FOREIGN FIRMS CLAIM A SHARE OF INDUSTRIAL EXPORTS (Gilboy, 2004). The government has also been instrumental in supporting the private sector by giving private companies access to capital, technology, and markets. This has improved the output from these firms and their contribution to the country’s GDP, which has strengthened Chinas’ economy. OVER THE PAST 30 YEARS, CHINA HAS EXPERIENCED THE GREATEST AND MOST RAPID REDUCTION OF EXTREME POVERTY (Katz, 2008).The country has improved the living condition of the poorest people in the country and reduced poverty levels. The continuing growth rate has improved the living conditions of the Chinese people, which have supported economic supremacy of the country. THE RAPID ECONOMIC GROWTH HAS IMPROVED THE ECONOMIC WELL-BEING OF THE CHINESE PEOPLE AND ALTERED THE STRUCTURE OF THE SOCIETY (Pei, 2006). The economy is less state-centered as was the tradition, which has enabled the country consume much of its products by improving the living condition of the population. Chinese citizens have improved their access to information through telephones and televisions. These have improved the communication and transport industries in the country, which are some of the rapidly growing industries in the country. The contribution of these industries in the country’s GDP has helped improve the economy and expansion into the global economy. China has experienced high levels of savings and investment, which has contributed to the rapid economic growth. INVESTMENT RATES IN CHINA ARE MUCH HIGHER THAN IN OTHER COUNTRIES WITH COMPARABLE LEVELS OF PER CAPITA INCOME (CSIS, 2006). This has enabled the growth of per capita stock that has facilitated the transitio n from agricultural labor to the modern sector. The investment into the modern sector has introduced a center for a new labor force that has improved the output from the sector. FACTORS OF PRODUCTION SUCH AS LABOR AND CAPITAL HAVE CONTRIBUTED TO CHINA’S ECONOMIC GROWTH (Angang, 2011). The savings from the labor force have improved the purchasing power of the population. Direct investments in the country have improved capital formation that has helped the citizens improve their savings and their purchasing power. This has helped improve the country’s GDP and its competing abilities with superpowers such as USA. ASIA’S PRODUCTION ASSEMBLY HAS ATTRACTED SEVERAL INVESTORS FROM

Urban Growth and Environmental Decay Essay Example for Free

Urban Growth and Environmental Decay Essay Although history may be seen as a tapestry portraying the wars and conquests of humankind, it may also be seen as the continuous expansion of human presence in the planet, the domestication of animals, and the reshaping of natural environment into one that fits the needs of humans. Humans are always chasing after the next frontier, oftentimes compromising the environmental cleanliness and healthiness of their very own surroundings (Haughton Hunter, 2003). The history of San Francisco is also characterized by a continuous expansion and chasing after the proverbial next frontier. Brechin (2001) in his book, Imperial San Francisco: Urban Power, Earthly Ruin explores the history of San Francisco and challenges the stereotypical view that the city is tolerant. By tracing through 150 years of the city’s history, the author was able to uncover grievous features of the city’s history. San Francisco was one of the major sites of the Gold Rush in the mid nineteenth century. The founding members of the society, usually from the South, engaged in mining coal and other minerals in the area. This resulted to the environmental devastation of wet lands, streams and forests of San Francisco (Brechin, 2001). The aristocracy who managed most of the mining industry derived tremendous profit from such industry. These profits were then diverted into other endeavors such as the exploitation of forests, currency speculation and extraction of oil. As a result of the process, several towns were destroyed. The forest region around Lake Tahoe diminished drastically, a wide area of farmland were buried by the onslaught of mining debris, leading to the contamination of the soil and bodies of water around the area. In addition to this, Brechin (2001) underscores that the research on nuclear power started at the University of California and was completed in the Manhattan Project. The price of progress is staggering! Although San Francisco, today, is a famous city and frequented by tourists, such progress was attained at such a big cost to the environment and consequently, the cost will be transferred to the future generations. San Francisco, according to Brechin (2001) epitomizes the city in the Atomic Age, together with the environmental havoc that it brings. The example of San Francisco is also being repeated in developing countries. A lot of people are now migrating from the countryside into the cities. This trend makes the cities crowded, unsustainable in terms of the people’s use of the environment and causes pollution. In spite of these environmental issues, these cities are experiencing economic growth. The question, however, is that until when will this growth be experienced? (Evans, 2002). The presence of economic growth alongside environmental decay is also present in Africa, where most of nations in the region are developing ones. Although the efforts of these countries for development are bearing fruit, the environmental issues and problems being experienced by these countries in the continent are the result of activities geared toward making them more developed. The population of elephants in Africa has been greatly affected because of the desire of people to amass wealth from their tusks (Tesi, 2000). Urban growth attracts people from less developed areas of any given country. As such, they would need to have jobs, use the resources available in their environment and sustain their lives. Along the process, the ecological balance is affected. As shown by the experience of San Francisco, as well as by the African continent, economic growth is accompanied by the degradation of the environment. Reference Brechin, G. (2001). The Environment and Development in Africa. California: University of California Press. Evans, P. B. (2002). Livable Cities? : Urban Struggles for Livelihood and Sustainability. California: University of California Press. Haughton, G. , Hunter, G. (2003). Sustainable Cities. London: Routledge. Tesi, M. K. (2000). The Environment and Development in Africa. New York: Lexington Books.

What Strategies Have Trade Unions Been Adopting Essay

What Strategies Have Trade Unions Been Adopting Essay Employee relations do not exist in a vacuum. They are located within, influenced by, and in turn impact upon many other aspects of the work organisation and wider society, therefore, employee relations have been defined and described by different authors and establishments in so many ways but the most important aspect to all their definitions is the fact that employee relations are basically the study of the regulation of employment relationship between employers and employees (Rose, 2004). The direct relationship formed between the negotiation of two important institutions are known as the trade union (or more often called a non-union collectively representing employees) and the state. A trade union in its simplest role represents a group of workers in connection with one employer. The trade union density can be seen in Appendix 1, which shows the membership rate and the decline in membership. The strategies below have been used by trade unions to curb the decline of trade union membership. One important question to be asked in the United Kingdoms employment relation is the extent to which union decline since the 1970s is essential. This has made unions experience increase and a decrease in membership rates and regular restrictions on union actions through legislation and government action. More so, recent union decline has happened to fall into a longitudinal cycle which reflects a season of readjustment to fluctuating economic conditions and structures. Others have concluded arguing that the factors responsible for union decline are such that unions are likely to struggle to recover any significant presence, particularly in the private sector. Trade Unions have responded to the loss of their members and the appearance of a more fragmented labour market in various ways. The decline in the number of the union from 326 in 1988 to 167 in 2008 has proved that many unions have merged to consolidate resources and improve their economies of scale (EIROnline 2009). Some strategies that have been put in place to renew trade union membership are partnership, organising, workplace learning and the procurement process that have been other key responses. Furthermore, The Unite announced that it will only offer community memberships to students, single parents and the jobless for 50 pence a week, and is considering using the scheme to offer legal support and educational facilities in exchange for collective community action (The Guardian 2012). There exists various methods for trade unions to secure new members, in which they may choose to sit tight waiting upon external environment (unemployment to fall, manufacturing to recover, firms to grow in size, etc.), also, they may engage in several initiatives to recruit new members, whereas those in authority may strategize plans such as recruitment drivers targeted towards specific group of people and to improve the success of the organisation. Many unions have pursued to offer new services (both to employees and employers), while others have decided to use the traditional approach explaining the roles of the trade union such as protecting employee rights, etc. The individual unions and the labour movements particularly face several choices and challenges due to the structure of so many unions out there in various job territories and the authority of TUC. For example, some unions such as the old craft-based unions like the NGA, had a close membership base while others especiall y the two well-known ones (the TGWU and GMB) and a number of ex-craft based unions (such Amicus) which their recruitment process has improved are always in constant competition for members in similar job territories. In recent years trade union has tried to regulate competition more closely by signing off all single union agreements but this has resulted in a challenge as the Congress does not have enough power over its affiliates (expulsion, for example: The TUC strongest agreement can actually increase competition between unions as the excluded union is no longer bound to respect other unions membership territories, and vice versa). Appendix 2 summarizes those possibilities Unions face many options when it comes to the issue of recruitment because they can choose to seek more members in places where recognition already exists, they can also decide to recruit in areas where no form of recognition exists (this will happen with the intention that as membership grows it will lead to recognition), they can also merge with another union which will not only increase their membership but also their recruitment base and finally trade unions can try to secure recognition (single-union) agreements at a non-union which would serve as a process of delivering membership from among those employed at the site (Willman 1989). The Union merger which is one of the strategies of membership renewal by trade unions. Willman 1989, particularly argues that the option of merger or employment agreement is a more cost effective method than choosing individual members especially in places where employers are hostile to unionism, this therefore means that the more cost-effective means are likely to hold sway, even though it will lead to more inter-union competition for members in a particular area (this is what Williams terms as market share unionism). The increase in market share unionism has been prominent in the UK labour movement in the last generation which made famous unions have either participated in merging or have successfully completed one. This pattern of decrease in the number of unions have been happening since 1920 as shown in appendix 3, what seems to be new is the speed at which the number of unions decline which has led to an increase in merging activities and also helped to curb the nations smaller trade unions, for example, the 1980s have recorded the most steepest decline ever in the number of trade unions falling by over one-third in the ten-year period and in the 1990s a number of unions fell about one-quarter. The increasing ratio of decline within the trade union movement is due to the fact that in 2000 the eight largest trade unions (each having 250,000 members or more) accounted for over 72 percent of all union members meanwhile less than 10 percent of all unions now account now account for almost 87 perc ent of all union members. Merging up unions can exist in various forms such as the amalgamation (which is where two or more unions join together to form a new union) and transfer engagements (where one union is incorporated by another and loses its legal rights) (Bird et al 1992). One popular merge that recently occurred in 2002, was the Amalgamated Engineering and Electrical Union (AEEU) with Manufacturing, Science and Finance Union (MSF) to form AMICUS. Another merger that took place was the merger in 2001 of the Institution of professional of Professional Managers and Specialists (IPMS) and the Engineering and Managers Association (EMA) to form Prospect. With over 1.5 million members as at date, UNITE is known to be Britains largest trade union (The guardian 2012). In general, more unions seek mergers than them actually achieving it (Willman 1996). The most important attribute of recent merging compared to the ones in last decades is that defensive mergers (the 1970s) where small unions required the security of bigger unions so as to avoid financial problems/ membership decline (Undy et al 1981). For example, the merging between the 1980s and early 1900s are known to be aggressive (Buchanan 1992), but in recent years it has involved two strong unions who decide to pool their resources for mutual advantage. E.g. NGA/SOGAT (to form GPMU) and ACTT/BETA (to form BECTU). Amicus and Unison are two major aggressive mergers that are designed to protect their membership and also expand trade union territories so as to improve growth. Merging has been successful, however, they are faced with challenges which are driven by the problems of membership decline which has not only been a defensive case, as sometimes the opposite might just happen. As Waddington 2003 stated that there has been no evidence that merged unions have been very successful into new areas of membership growth. The outcome resulting from the desire to merge has been to simplify the historical complex structure of the British Union or change the decline in membership (Waddington 1995). Trade unions in earlier years were (closed) craft based organisation that allowed less skilled workers (e.g. boilermakers, municipal workers, etc.) to survive and they can be ranked under the GMB. Many unions always lay claim to job territory but in the recent years the union movement have been dominated by just four or five super unions with their membership base been more diverse and the competition for members between unions will not stop (Waddington 1995). For mergers, financial control can lead to improvement in administrative efficiency of super unions but problems of representative effectiveness may be aggravated. The main solution to this problem is the single-table and single union agreements. This solution involves the changes in employee relationship at first, but Willman and Cave 1994 noted that inter-union cooperation (joint ventures) can be more effective if further mergers make it easy to communicate with super-unions, which brings a conclusion about union mergers that regulating TUC or joint ventures between major union can essentially increase union membership. Another strategy to be looked into is recruiting new members. In recent decades, many unions have focused their resources on recruiting new members, which was recorded as a success. Some unions such as the multi-occupational industry unions (e.g. NUM) and single-occupation (single industry unions) which already have a high union density (e.g. ASLEF), their goal of recruiting new members is particularly non-existent. There is a better possibility for general unions (e.g. TGWU and GMB) or those that happen to be in areas of employment growth where union density is low (e.g. UNIFI in finance, etc.). Kelly and Heery (1989) illustration makes it clear that recruitment targets will vary significantly for different trade unions, depending on the proximity of the job territories of potential members to those organised by the unions and the coverage of recognition agreements among target groups. In some cases(close consolidation) the union might be involved in a mopping-out activity of non-union members within the unions existing job territories where the agreements still exist (this is usually referred to as an in-fill recruitment). For example, the TGWU recent recruitment strategy was targeted towards a 100 percent or a 100 per cent plus campaigns but in other situations the union might have a recognition agreement for the industry or specific companies but organisation is poor and union density is low and this is because the institutions are small and difficult to organise/ the labour turnover is high. Statistics from the Labour Force Survey suggests that around 3 million employees who are not union members but work in establishments where there is union recognition and gives an indication for a large membership consolidation (Monks 2001). Whereas, most union organising is directed towards consolidation (Heery et al 2003). Some other membership groups are particularly not covered by a recognition agreement (usually higher level or management grades) but find themselves working in organisations where the union density is already high (close expansion). The most difficult groups to recruit (distant expansion) are those in job territories where the union does not seem to have recognition agreements nor experience of any organisation to build on. It is in this group that one would find out that the membership growth is particularly high but there is poor union organisation. The first step of any recruitment and organisation strategy is identifying membership targets/ what unions term as mapping'(which is about building up a detailed profile of the workplace, workforce, etc.). During union recruitment, most of them wonder why union sign up? and this is so because unions attract a number of new members by offering mouth-watering services to an individual (Bassett and Cave 1993). Bassett and Cave 1993 have it that the new trade unions have a role model to be the Automobile Association or BUPA, having the trade union in form of a private sector organisation which engage in providing many services to people who wish to buy them. This form is widely known as passive consumerism which has evidence for the provision of union credit cards, insurance schemes and other private benefits (Fairbrother 2002). However this strategy has not been particularly successful as it has its shortcomings; For example, it makes too many emphases on the extent of individualism adopted by employers in their human resource management policies (Gallie and Rose 1996) and also the extent to which employees have adopted the model, by placing individual benefits over and above collective protection in their reasons for joining trade unions. This happens because of social injustice, employment insecurities, etc. in the UK today, which makes most people join the union because if they have a problem at work it will definitely be sorted which is the principal reason for joining along with improved working condition and pay but just a few would choose non-work related service such as trade discounts, etc. (Waddington and Whitston 1997). Therefore, individualism is not only the major reason for union decline but the high demand of workers from unions seem to be the core. The way unions translate workers demands has brought unions to a moderation which Kelly 1996 demonstrates as a case where unions are brought to inadequate returns thus subjecting them to greater dependence on the goodwill of the employer. This, therefore, leads to the danger of the servicing model which has a contrast to the organising model. See Appendix 4 for the organisation cycle. Militancy is focused on solidarity as opposed to striking action (Organising works 1996). Whereas the servicing union expects the union only to ask questions regarding what they can achieve with the union but the organising union focuses on the membership being a value because the act of membership workers should be able to generate its own issues, organise to solve their own problems, etc. The organisation model is particularly focused on participative forms of union organisation. The importance of self-organisation is that workers recruit fellow workers (like-recruits-like), generate their own agenda and also solve their problems. Organising strategy has an advantage to smaller unions or occupational groups within larger unions such as TGWU and the GMB in London, it has done no more than to help stabilise aggregate union membership in the UK (Heery and Adler, 2004). Many unions are particularly careful with the organisation and the financial implication of an organising strategy, that is, the impact on union hierarchy and decision making, etc. especially if they experience a reduction in the benefits they get from the union. Better co-ordination of the TUC is majorly needed to spread the organisation agenda widely throughout the labour movement and to anticipate competition especially in their quest for new members. Many unions and TUC feel that organising is one of the several methods to be used to rebuild labour movement membership base, their bargaining power and their political influence with the government of today. In some cases, all these methods the labour movement adopt (moderation and militancy, the partnership with employees and independent workplace organisation, servicing and organising) are most times often too contradictory. Lastly, the final strategy to be discussed is recruitment through employer agreements, looking back into union mergers the most common aspect of was that they deliver a whole group of people into unions, so the signing of a single union agreement with an employer can ensure a substantial number of members of the union concerned. The costs incurred during presentations and the making of approaches to employers, the potential payoffs are always considerable. Also, the employer recognition comes from other benefits of the union. Trade union experience single union agreements over the past years with some similarities and a number of differences from union recognition and member representation. For example, representation by a single union (Cully et al 1999) compared to 36 per cent in 1990 (Millward et al 1992). In a majority of establishment (72 per cent) where management recognised only one union which was a result of a formal single union agreement rather than having it working out another way (Cully et al 1999). With this it may become more popular in future as a result of statutory union recognition procedure but anywhere else where trade unions who have signed single agreements at greenfield or non-union sites must still convince potential membership that they would gain if they join the union rather than free ride under the umbrella of the recognition agreement. Research has it that employees still demonstrate an urge to join the union even when they benefit from company specific training, etc. all of which are major reasons for trade union membership (Newell 1993). The difference between single union from single table agreements, the latter represents coming together (co-operation) of unions who negotiate together with employers around the same table leading to time-saving and increasing flexibility, among workplaces with two or more unions present. Single union bargaining is often associated with single status and more integrated pay schemes, multi-skilling and teamwork. The main difference is that single table agreements are negotiated at brownfield sites (where unions are well established) but the distinctive attribute of single union agreement is that unions only begin their recruitment of members after recognition has been granted rather than secure recognition as a result of building up a strong and committed membership base. However, this has not been particularly successful because it presents the union movements with a problem of inter-union competition (also known as beauty contents) and individual members with inadequate representation and protection. There has been a revival of interests as a result of employment relation Act 1999, which Gall 2003 noted that some employees have established that what they face is not one of granting or granting recognition but to which union should recognition be granted and with what type of deal. TUC figures show that around one-third of all recent recognition agreements were the result of an approach by the employer. The major response of the unions involved in such agreements is that the alternative will be non-unionism which is what many unions have ended up with but from union movement and employee involvement it will be better for a union to get support from the workforce and gain recognition from the employer rather than the other way round. This is so because it has been done in the past especially in the manufacturing sector in larger establishments where most of the single union deals are to be found. Kelly and Waddington 1995 argue that unions should satisfy employers with a more rewarding approach although more difficult to achieve and find ways of making employers tolerate a trade union presence. The organising model adopted by the TUC are now widely adopted by many unions, including TGWU and GMB but more notable by GMPU, ISTC, MSF, UNISON, TSSA and USDAW seeks to achieve both objectives; to meet the needs of employees and command a hearing from employers so as to reduce trade union decline In conclusion, the difficulties in which trade unions movement face in recent years are certainly considerable, but yet at the same time not insurmountable. Membership continue to decline but unions continue to attract new members and most workers, union and non-union hold positive views about trade unions (Diamond and Freeman 2001). There have been evidence that more workers would join unions if they are given the opportunity or incentive to. For more workers to have the opportunity to then the trade union will have to recruit and organise in the workplace and also for workers to want to join they must be convinced that through collective action they can change their working lives and simply change their insurance or secure discounts on a range of private benefits. More strategic union policies are designed to reverse their fortunes, most notably the emphasis on recruitment, organisation and participation are reflections of this. The development of strategic union initiatives based on the organising model are at least less dependent on the changes in the labour market and trade union legislation, however not all state policies are conducive for a revival of the labour movement, in many cases the opposite is the case. It is the general role of the state in employee relations that we now turn.

The Dutchman - Oppression of the Black Man :: Amiri Baraka Dutchman Essays

The Dutchman - Oppression of the Black Man The Dutchman is not a play that you would take a child to. There is no optimism, no hope of a better future, and certainly no hero. It did, however, point out several flaws in society, namely the white man's oppression black men. The entire conversation between Lula and Clay demonstrates that, even as society had become more aware of the social inequalities imposed on minorities, much of society still regarded minorities with utter contempt. It did not come as a surprise that the stereotypes that both white and black individuals were present in the play despite heightened public awareness at the time. Such stereotypes are evidenced by Lula saying, ". . .you're a well-known type . . . I know the type very well," and Clay responding, "Without knowing us specifically?" (12). Stereotypes are the first walls to break through when associating with a member of another race or culture. Lula's continual concentration on Clay's "Uncle Tom" stereotype seems to be n ot simply her own ignorance, but it symbolizes the entire white people's ignorance of black people before and during the early '60's. At the end of the play, some of the root causes of most oppression--from forcing Native Americans on reservations to the lack of social equality at the time the book was written--is pointed out: tyranny of the majority and lack of sympathy for the oppressed. When Lula tells the people who are riding on the subway to "Get this man off me!," "Open the door and throw his body out," and "all of you get off at the next stop" (37), the crowd of people obeys without hesitance. The people in the subway--the majority--allow one man to be murdered and do not even give it a second thought. This is yet another metaphor for white people turning a blind eye to human suffering. Everyone gets off the subway, acting as if nothing has happened. The fact that the other

Terrorism

1. Philosohies and rules of war dictate that it is both sound and practical that groups with the same opponent and the same schema forge alliances or common supportive coexistence, and there is a very high probability that that dogma would be followed, considering the fact that terror group leaders are learned men. But the question of having the same agenda is putting terrorism in a very general and pop culture perspective since the truth is that these types of militant extremists have, at some level, varying aims and goals. But another important point is the fact that these different groups can be brought together to act as one unit in a full scale operation. The best example of this tendency is the 9/11 bombing, described by the FBI a few days after the incident as a handiwork of an alliance of terrorists. 2. The pall of gloom that terrorism brought not just in the US but around the world is not just the threat to life, but as well as the threat to liberty. Because of the growing manhunt for suspected terrorists and the increased drive to take the upper hand and identify terrorists even before they can accomplish their missions, some elements of the law enforcement agencies are willing to overstep their boundaries marked by the exercise of individuals of their most basic human right, ready to trespass the domain of private communication with the use of many and all technologies available, including the Internet. Terror groups also found the use of Internet for their cause – ransom demands are telecast via video streaming while home made and improvised bombs know-how is just a few mouse clicks away. For this new problem, the solution may lie in old practices – kill the head of the serpent and the body ceases to be dangerous. The Internet should not be the target, as US knows it cannot afford to start a new war – even in cyberspace. 3. Michael Hamm reported that motor vehicle violations, counterfeiting, smuggling weapons of mass destruction and armed bank robbery, are several criminal acts terrorist participate in. The most common criminal action that terrorists do is the falsification of documents and forgery. Almost every terrorist who entered the country carries a false identification. This criminal act is very crucial in the operation of terrorist cells in the country since the first and most important part of a terrorist mission is the entry of a terrorist in a country or place wherein the terrorist action would take place. This is the reason why border officials are consistently monitoring the many entry and exit points of the country. 4. The most significant findings and information contained in the Hamm report is the moving away of the image of the mythical militant extremists to purely purist forms of terrorism from the true terrorists which is much less now conformed in the mold of idealist / hero into nothing more than a common criminal. The implications for the criminal justice system of this newfound knowledge consist of the possible responsibility law enforcement and criminal justice elements when it comes to profiling active and prospective terrorists by investigating the offenses for they are in trial for. Hamm concluded how a certain set of criminal acts bend towards particular groups as its identifiable crime suspects and this newfound information can be utilized as another efficient tool to battle terrorism. 5. Both international and domestic terrorism presents a clear and urgent threat to the US, simply because a threat to even one single life is an important issue to the US government, or to any government for that matter. Domestic and international terrorism may have many similarities and differences which include M.O. (method of operation), financing, training, orientation, goals, aims and motivation, strength in numbers, leadership hierarchy. Intelligence network and arms and ammunitions supplies, terrorism still wears the same face and the government's efforts to counter it do not diminish based on the type of terror group it faces. Terrorism and the government's fight against it is a microcosm of the proverbial battle of good versus evil; the truth is that there will always be a group of people who will try to use force and intimidation to achieve there cause. Terrorists might have a different name in the future, and the government which the people created is always tasked to battle a constant threat to life presented by another man as a result of differences in ideology. References: Hamm, M. S. (2005). Crimes Committed by Terrorist Groups: Theory, Research and Prevention. US Department of Justice. Retrieved October 10, 2007, from http://www.ncjrs.gov/pdffiles1/nij/grants/211203.pdf Schmid, A. (2005). Links between Terrorism and Drug Trafficking: A Case of â€Å"Narco terrorism†. Retrieved October 10, 2007. Sisk, R. and Smith, G. B. (2001). Feds Have Names Of 19 In Dark Alliance. The New York Daily News. Retrieved October 10, 2007, from http://www.fromthewilderness.com/timeline/2001/nydailynews091501.html             Terrorism Assignment 2. â€Å"Prepare a written briefing for a Board (you can choose any company real or imaginary) explaining why they should increase or decrease their security in relation to the threat of terrorism. † BRIEFING ON THE THREAT OF TERRORISM POSED TOWARDS TELECOMS ORGANISATIONS OPERATING IN AFRICA Purpose: The purpose of this briefing note is to present an overview of terrorist threats within Africa, spesifically towards the Vodacom organisation operating in the Democtratic Republic of Congo (DRC) and to make recommendations on how to mitigate the risk.Background: Terrorism: â€Å"the United Nations General Assembly has condemned terrorist acts using the following political description of terrorism: â€Å"Criminal acts intended or calculated to provoke a state of terror in the general public, a group of persons or particular persons for political purposes are in any circumstance unjustifiable, whatever the considerations of a political, philosophical, ideological, racia l, ethnic, religious or any other nature that may be invoked to justify them. http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Definitions_of_terrorism Terrorism has become a global threat and is not just confined to the theatre of war, it is also not only targeted at nations involved in those conflicts like the United States (9/11) and Great Britain (the July 7 London Bombings) but also with any nation and organization that is seen as an ally of such nations.ESICS Briefing on THE TERRORISM THREAT LINKED TO THE LIBYAN CRISIS states â€Å"obviously on the top of the list of likely targets for Colonel Gaddafi are the United Kingdom and France, they are closely followed by the United States (an old and usual enemy of Libya but also by the Arab countries taking part in the coalition, every single national participating in the operations could be seen as a legitimate target. † In stating this the point that I am making is, although Vodacom is a South African operation, we must take into conciderati on that Vodafone, a British entity is our major hareholder and the building where our head office is located, Building Gulf Oil is an American institution. Thus it would be a grave mistake to make the assumption that the company cannot be seen as a target of militant action and sensationalism. Current Situation: STRATEGIC ENVIRONMENT Emerging Terrorist Networks â€Å"As al-Qaeda has syndicated its ideology and violence, its affiliates and adherents in Africa and the Arabian Peninsula have become increasingly networked and adaptable in their recruiting, training, financing, and operations.Violent extremist organizations, insurgents, and criminal organizations are exploiting weak governance and under-governed spaces, and remain determined to harm the United States, our partners and Allies, and innocent civilians. † General Carter Ham, USA Commander, USA Africa Command in his address to the Senate of Armed Services Committee, 2 March 2013(sic). Terrorist organisations are operat ing in numerous African countries now including but not limited to: Country| Active Terrorist Networks (only major listed)|Cameroon| Al Qaeda – Movement for Democracy and Development (MDD)| Chad| Al Qaeda – Movement for Democracy and Justice in Chad (MDJC) +2| Egypt| Al Qaeda + 11| Eritrea| Al Qaeda – Eritrean Islamic Jihad Movement (EIJH)| Ethiopia| Al Qaeda – Ethiopian Islamic Jihad Movement (EIJH) + 6| Kenya| Al Qaeda – Al Shabaab| Libya| Al Qaeda – Libyan Islamic Fighting Group (LIFG)| Morocco| Al Qaeda – Moroccan Combatant Islamic Group (MCIG)| Nigeria| Al Qaeda – Boko Haram| Somalia| Al Qaeda – Al-Shabaab| Sudan | Al Qaeda – Sudan People Liberation Army (SPLA) – Hezbollah| Syria| Al Qaeda – Al Nusra| Tanzania| Al Qaeda – People Liberation Party|Zambia| Riyadus-Salikhin Reconnaissance – Al Nusra| Source: http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Terrorism and www. crimicweb. org â€Å"The Ho rn of Africa is Africa’s bridge to the Middle East. That fact explains much about the complex interrelationships between differing Islamic cultures within Africa, from east to west. † (John Harbeson, The War on Terrorism in Africa; Princeton N. Lyman from Africa in World Politics p7) Vodacom Congo has up till now not considered terrorism to be a significant threat to business operations but rather conventional security threats as in fire, arson, bomb threats and armed robbery to name but a few.Recommendations: The risk management department recommends that the company review all emergency response, disaster recovery and business continuity protocols. Establishing contingency plans is suggested; general training for all employees would result in more efficient response should an emergency occur and is highly recommended. It is imperative that all security measures are reevaluated and a gap analysis be conducted. Recommended areas where improvements are needed: * Access a nd egress control policies should be enforced for effective visitor control and especially with vehicles entering premises and deliveries of parcels. Do an assessment of all CCTV and monitoring services and place additional cameras where needed. * At the moment the local security service provider is ill equipped, there are no personal body scanners available at the building entrances. * There is no equipment available to search vehicles, i. e. stemmed mirrors etc. * Retraining of security personnel, the security officers have not been trained on what to look for and how to search vehicles and people properly. * General housekeeping, rubbish collection and building perimeters. (Security Management Bulletin no: 6.Countermeasures of threats of terrorist action) Training for these officers should focus on the following types of terrorist attack: * Person borne IED (improvised explosive device) * Vehicle borne IED * Bombs directed against property and infrastructure, delivered in trucks, vehicles, packages, briefcases, laptop bags and also in postal items * Fire bombs using chemicals and incendiaries * Improvised mortar attacks * Riots and civil disturbance * Kidnapping for ransom and extortion * Armed robbery, fraud and credit card fraud for financing purposes * Assassination of key figures Security Management Bulletin no: 6. Countermeasures of threats of terrorist action) In a nutshell the security department should do a threat analysis and identify areas where the terrorist would want to: * Penetrate * Avoid * Exploit * Attack Jason A, 16 April 2013, Boston Marathon Bombings, in his briefing after the bombings, also suggest that it should be noted that due to the recent attacks in Boston, that security at airports across the United States and Great Britain has increased substantially. Business travelers are advised to allow extra time to get to the ticket counters and to their gates.There are long queues at the check-in counter and the duration of the security p rocess has increased due to additional random bag searches. Hotel security has increased as well; travelers are advised to adhere to corporate security policies as well as local policies. In saying that if employees travel to the United States or the United Kingdom for the purpose of visiting Vodacom’s parent company or any other business travel, it is advised to monitor local media for additional security measures. This will also apply to the other countries mentioned where known terrorist cells are operating. ConclusionA school of thought that postulates â€Å"as major disasters never occur at a time or in a manner that may be anticipated, pre-catastrophe planning is futile† is a gross abdication of reponsibilty and cannot be supported. (Security Management bulletin 5. Disaster Planning) Vodacom Congo has clear ties with the United Kingdom due to alliances and shareholding agreements, Vodacom’s offices are located in a building owned by an American entity and the building is shared by Chevron Oil which is an American owned company, it would therefore be foolish not to recognize the direct threat to the company, it’s employees and assets. It would be surprising if many businesses and orginisations could avoid the consequences of terrorism at some time in their existance†. (Security management Bulletin 5. Disaster Planning) It is therefore imperative that urgent security focus is placed on the threat that terrorism poses to the company and its operations, large walk in customer care areas are prime targets where lots of people gather. A balance of security measure are very important to maintain a vigilant level of protection without creating too much discomfort to the employees, visitors, business partners and customers.References Martin Gill, The Handbook of Security. 2006 The Security Institute. Security Management Bulletin 5. Emergency Procedures – Major Disasters. Rachel Briggs, R. and Edwards, C. The business of re silience. DEMOS 2006 The Security Institute. Security Management Bulletin No: 6. Countermeasures to threats of terrorist action. John Harbeson, The War on Terrorism in Africa; Princeton N. Lyman from Africa in World Politics p7 Human Rights Watch: In the name of security, www. hrw. org Wikipedia Website: http://en. ikipedia. org/wiki/Terrorism Michael Burleigh; Al-Qaeda and a Decade of Terror Andre Burstin; European Strategic Intelligence and Security Center (ESISC), Boko Haram and the Risk of Terrorism in Northern Cameroon; 01 April 2012 Claude Moniquet, European Strategic Intelligence and Security Center (ESISC), The Terrorist Threat Linked to the Libyan Crisis. 2011 Jason A; Boston Marathon Bombing, Aon Crisis Management Consulting/ Global Risk Consulting. p4 Subscriber Journal, 16 April 2013 Terrorism Assignment 2. â€Å"Prepare a written briefing for a Board (you can choose any company real or imaginary) explaining why they should increase or decrease their security in relation to the threat of terrorism. † BRIEFING ON THE THREAT OF TERRORISM POSED TOWARDS TELECOMS ORGANISATIONS OPERATING IN AFRICA Purpose: The purpose of this briefing note is to present an overview of terrorist threats within Africa, spesifically towards the Vodacom organisation operating in the Democtratic Republic of Congo (DRC) and to make recommendations on how to mitigate the risk.Background: Terrorism: â€Å"the United Nations General Assembly has condemned terrorist acts using the following political description of terrorism: â€Å"Criminal acts intended or calculated to provoke a state of terror in the general public, a group of persons or particular persons for political purposes are in any circumstance unjustifiable, whatever the considerations of a political, philosophical, ideological, racia l, ethnic, religious or any other nature that may be invoked to justify them. http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Definitions_of_terrorism Terrorism has become a global threat and is not just confined to the theatre of war, it is also not only targeted at nations involved in those conflicts like the United States (9/11) and Great Britain (the July 7 London Bombings) but also with any nation and organization that is seen as an ally of such nations.ESICS Briefing on THE TERRORISM THREAT LINKED TO THE LIBYAN CRISIS states â€Å"obviously on the top of the list of likely targets for Colonel Gaddafi are the United Kingdom and France, they are closely followed by the United States (an old and usual enemy of Libya but also by the Arab countries taking part in the coalition, every single national participating in the operations could be seen as a legitimate target. † In stating this the point that I am making is, although Vodacom is a South African operation, we must take into conciderati on that Vodafone, a British entity is our major hareholder and the building where our head office is located, Building Gulf Oil is an American institution. Thus it would be a grave mistake to make the assumption that the company cannot be seen as a target of militant action and sensationalism. Current Situation: STRATEGIC ENVIRONMENT Emerging Terrorist Networks â€Å"As al-Qaeda has syndicated its ideology and violence, its affiliates and adherents in Africa and the Arabian Peninsula have become increasingly networked and adaptable in their recruiting, training, financing, and operations.Violent extremist organizations, insurgents, and criminal organizations are exploiting weak governance and under-governed spaces, and remain determined to harm the United States, our partners and Allies, and innocent civilians. † General Carter Ham, USA Commander, USA Africa Command in his address to the Senate of Armed Services Committee, 2 March 2013(sic). Terrorist organisations are operat ing in numerous African countries now including but not limited to: Country| Active Terrorist Networks (only major listed)|Cameroon| Al Qaeda – Movement for Democracy and Development (MDD)| Chad| Al Qaeda – Movement for Democracy and Justice in Chad (MDJC) +2| Egypt| Al Qaeda + 11| Eritrea| Al Qaeda – Eritrean Islamic Jihad Movement (EIJH)| Ethiopia| Al Qaeda – Ethiopian Islamic Jihad Movement (EIJH) + 6| Kenya| Al Qaeda – Al Shabaab| Libya| Al Qaeda – Libyan Islamic Fighting Group (LIFG)| Morocco| Al Qaeda – Moroccan Combatant Islamic Group (MCIG)| Nigeria| Al Qaeda – Boko Haram| Somalia| Al Qaeda – Al-Shabaab| Sudan | Al Qaeda – Sudan People Liberation Army (SPLA) – Hezbollah| Syria| Al Qaeda – Al Nusra| Tanzania| Al Qaeda – People Liberation Party|Zambia| Riyadus-Salikhin Reconnaissance – Al Nusra| Source: http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Terrorism and www. crimicweb. org â€Å"The Ho rn of Africa is Africa’s bridge to the Middle East. That fact explains much about the complex interrelationships between differing Islamic cultures within Africa, from east to west. † (John Harbeson, The War on Terrorism in Africa; Princeton N. Lyman from Africa in World Politics p7) Vodacom Congo has up till now not considered terrorism to be a significant threat to business operations but rather conventional security threats as in fire, arson, bomb threats and armed robbery to name but a few.Recommendations: The risk management department recommends that the company review all emergency response, disaster recovery and business continuity protocols. Establishing contingency plans is suggested; general training for all employees would result in more efficient response should an emergency occur and is highly recommended. It is imperative that all security measures are reevaluated and a gap analysis be conducted. Recommended areas where improvements are needed: * Access a nd egress control policies should be enforced for effective visitor control and especially with vehicles entering premises and deliveries of parcels. Do an assessment of all CCTV and monitoring services and place additional cameras where needed. * At the moment the local security service provider is ill equipped, there are no personal body scanners available at the building entrances. * There is no equipment available to search vehicles, i. e. stemmed mirrors etc. * Retraining of security personnel, the security officers have not been trained on what to look for and how to search vehicles and people properly. * General housekeeping, rubbish collection and building perimeters. (Security Management Bulletin no: 6.Countermeasures of threats of terrorist action) Training for these officers should focus on the following types of terrorist attack: * Person borne IED (improvised explosive device) * Vehicle borne IED * Bombs directed against property and infrastructure, delivered in trucks, vehicles, packages, briefcases, laptop bags and also in postal items * Fire bombs using chemicals and incendiaries * Improvised mortar attacks * Riots and civil disturbance * Kidnapping for ransom and extortion * Armed robbery, fraud and credit card fraud for financing purposes * Assassination of key figures Security Management Bulletin no: 6. Countermeasures of threats of terrorist action) In a nutshell the security department should do a threat analysis and identify areas where the terrorist would want to: * Penetrate * Avoid * Exploit * Attack Jason A, 16 April 2013, Boston Marathon Bombings, in his briefing after the bombings, also suggest that it should be noted that due to the recent attacks in Boston, that security at airports across the United States and Great Britain has increased substantially. Business travelers are advised to allow extra time to get to the ticket counters and to their gates.There are long queues at the check-in counter and the duration of the security p rocess has increased due to additional random bag searches. Hotel security has increased as well; travelers are advised to adhere to corporate security policies as well as local policies. In saying that if employees travel to the United States or the United Kingdom for the purpose of visiting Vodacom’s parent company or any other business travel, it is advised to monitor local media for additional security measures. This will also apply to the other countries mentioned where known terrorist cells are operating. ConclusionA school of thought that postulates â€Å"as major disasters never occur at a time or in a manner that may be anticipated, pre-catastrophe planning is futile† is a gross abdication of reponsibilty and cannot be supported. (Security Management bulletin 5. Disaster Planning) Vodacom Congo has clear ties with the United Kingdom due to alliances and shareholding agreements, Vodacom’s offices are located in a building owned by an American entity and the building is shared by Chevron Oil which is an American owned company, it would therefore be foolish not to recognize the direct threat to the company, it’s employees and assets. It would be surprising if many businesses and orginisations could avoid the consequences of terrorism at some time in their existance†. (Security management Bulletin 5. Disaster Planning) It is therefore imperative that urgent security focus is placed on the threat that terrorism poses to the company and its operations, large walk in customer care areas are prime targets where lots of people gather. A balance of security measure are very important to maintain a vigilant level of protection without creating too much discomfort to the employees, visitors, business partners and customers.References Martin Gill, The Handbook of Security. 2006 The Security Institute. Security Management Bulletin 5. Emergency Procedures – Major Disasters. Rachel Briggs, R. and Edwards, C. The business of re silience. DEMOS 2006 The Security Institute. Security Management Bulletin No: 6. Countermeasures to threats of terrorist action. John Harbeson, The War on Terrorism in Africa; Princeton N. Lyman from Africa in World Politics p7 Human Rights Watch: In the name of security, www. hrw. org Wikipedia Website: http://en. ikipedia. org/wiki/Terrorism Michael Burleigh; Al-Qaeda and a Decade of Terror Andre Burstin; European Strategic Intelligence and Security Center (ESISC), Boko Haram and the Risk of Terrorism in Northern Cameroon; 01 April 2012 Claude Moniquet, European Strategic Intelligence and Security Center (ESISC), The Terrorist Threat Linked to the Libyan Crisis. 2011 Jason A; Boston Marathon Bombing, Aon Crisis Management Consulting/ Global Risk Consulting. p4 Subscriber Journal, 16 April 2013